( 1 ) Classification of Essays :
Essay मुख्यतः चार प्रकार के होते हैं :
( i ) Descriptive ( वर्णनात्मक ) ,
( ii ) Reflective ( fauereisto ),
( iii ) Narrative ( कथनात्मक ) ,
( iv ) Argumentative ( pagreita )
( 11 ) Practical Hints on Essay Writing :
Essay लिखने में निम्नलिखित बातों का ध्यान रखना चाहिए :
1. Essay में आप अपना विचार ( thinking ) तथा अनुभव ( experience ) अपनी भाषा में व्यक्त करें । दूसरों की कही हुई बातों को दुहराने से आपका लेख second - rate हो जायेगा ।
2. Essay में समानता ( unity ) एवं संलग्नता ( coherence ) होना चाहिए | Unity के लिए आप अपने विचारों को एक साथ स्पष्ट ढंग से व्यक्त करें तथा essay में coherence के लिए कुछ ऐसे शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जिनसे वाक्यों एवं अनुच्छेदों ( para graphs ) को जोड़ा जाता है । इसके लिए हमें Linking words तथा Phrases का सही प्रयोग करना चाहिए । जैसे :
( a ) Linking words : and , or , but , still , however , also , therefore , yet , nevertheless , first , next , last , firstly , then , secondly ...... lastly , final ly , before , after , now , then , soon , later , meanwhile , however , moreover , accordingly , etc.
( b ) Phrases : in brief , as a result , on the other hand , on the contrary , in addition , in conclusion , to sum up , etc.
( III ) प्रत्येक Essay में तीन भाग होते हैं :
( a ) आरम्भ ( Beginning ) ,
( b ) प्रधान अंग ( Body ) ,
( c ) उपसंहार ( Conclusion ) |
( a ) Beginning : इसे Introduction भी कहा जाता है । लेख का यह भाग अधिक बड़ा नहीं होना चाहिए । इस भाग में प्रायः दिये गये topic का Definition ( परिभाषा ) या विषय - सम्बन्धी उपयुक्त quotation या अपने अनुभव या किसी घटना का वर्णन रहता है ।
( b) Body : लेख के body में विषय के सम्बन्य में तर्क वितर्क ( arguments ) , व्याख्या| उदाहरण ( illustrations ) एवं विवरण ( details ) रहता है ।
( c ) Conclusion : लेख का अन्तिम तथा तीसरा भाग उपसंहार ( conclusion ) का होता है । Conclusion में पूरे लेख के सारांश तथा मुख्य बातों को साफ - साफ शब्दों में दिया जाता है तथा उपसंहार में कही गयी बातें अकसर चुभती हुई और महत्त्वपूर्ण होती हैं ।
My First Day at College
I was in class X last year. My brother was a college student. He told me many stories about college life. I also wished that my school life should sooner end the better. However, my golden dream came true. I passed the S. S. Examination in the first division. I was admitted to Ranchi College, Ranchi. I came to college for the first day on August 9, 1989. Everything was new to me. All the faces were unfamiliar. Suddenly, I found a senior student of my school. He took me round the college buildings. I saw the library, the laboratories; the students common room, the playground, the office, etc. I had taken down my class routine. The bell rang. I went to my classroom. It was a big and airy hall. There were about one hundred and fifty students in it. It was the English class. The teacher came in. We all stood up. He finished the roll-call. He told us something about college life. We all listened to him. I had a few more classes on that day. My classes were over at 4 p. m. I felt a sense of complete freedom at college. It seemed to me that college life was a life of joy and freedom. But I decided to write my name big. I made up my mind to labour hard. I wished to be a responsible citizen of the country. Thus, the first day at college was the beginning of a new chapter in my life. I was reminded of what H. W. Longfellow said, "Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined end or way; But to act, that each tomorrow, Finds us farther than today."
2. Hostel Life
Hostel life is different from life at home. A student gets love and affection from his elders at home. He lives a leisurely life. He has nothing to wory about. But he does not get a proper atmosphere for studies at home. In a hostel, a student has to follow certain rules. He gets freedom. But he gets a good atmosphere for studies there. Hostel life creates a sense of competition among the students. There is another advantage of hostel life. In a hostel, a student learns to live together. They also learn how to behave with others. Every student has to follow the same rules in a hostel. Thus, students develop a sense of co-operation and fellow-feeling. Hostel life is a life of joy and freedom. Students choose friends of their choice. There is a good arrangement for games and sports. Thus, students develop healthy habits. Every student develops both his mind and his body. No student can get such facilities at home. But hostel life has some disadvantages also. Some students who come from home get unlimited freedom in the hostel. Some of them form bad habits. Sometimes they become regular visitors to film- shows. Thus, they waste their valuable time, money and energy. They forget the real aim of student life. They neglect their studies. Yet hostel life has its own importance. It makes a student dutiful and responsible. 3. College Life 1. A life of joy 2. School life & college life 3. Discipline 4. Choice of subjects 5. Other facilities College life is a golden period of life. Students are grown up at this stage. They very well know their duties and responsibilities. They do their duty and enjoy life. College life is a life of happiness. It is a life of learning and training, too. Students are full of energy. They look heal- thy both physically and mentally. There is a great difference between school life and college life. At school, students are not so sensible as they are at college. Most of the students are under the care of their parents at school. But they become independent at college. A college student has more leisure than school students. At school, students have to attend more classes. At college, they have to attend fewer classes. Students enter a college after their school days are over. A college gives a wider atmosphere for the mental, physical and emotional development of students. They learn how to depend on self-help. They also understand the value of co-operation and fellow-feeling. At col- lege, the sense of discipline comes from within. College life is a life of
